By Beatha Kapolo
For far too long, a persistent and misleading narrative has shaped perceptions of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) graduates—that they leave training institutions armed with certificates but lacking the practical skills required in the labour market.
This assumption is not only outdated, but fundamentally flawed. As a practitioner within the TVET sector, I can state with confidence and evidence that TVET trainees are not only competent, but highly skilled individuals capable of thriving in diverse and demanding work environments.
TVET, by its very design, is rooted in practical competence. Unlike purely academic pathways, TVET programmes integrate theory with hands-on training, workplace exposure, and competency-based assessments.
Trainees are not merely taught concepts—they are trained to apply them in real-life scenarios. Whether in engineering, construction, hospitality, ICT, or emerging sectors such as renewable energy, TVET graduates undergo rigorous preparation that equips them with both technical proficiency and problem-solving abilities.
The perception that TVET trainees lack skills often stems not from evidence, but from limited exposure and entrenched biases. In many cases, employers and stakeholders make assumptions without providing trainees the opportunity to demonstrate their capabilities in actual work settings.
This creates a paradox: trainees are labelled inexperienced, yet are denied the very opportunities that would allow them to gain and showcase experience.
More concerning, however, is that many of these preconceptions are formed by individuals who have never set foot in a TVET institution. They have not observed the workshops, the simulation environments, the industry-aligned training processes, or the competency-based assessments that trainees undergo. They have not engaged with training officers, nor witnessed the level of discipline, technical rigor, and hands-on expertise that is cultivated daily within these institutions. Yet, despite this lack of direct experience, sweeping conclusions are drawn about the supposed inadequacy of TVET graduates.
This disconnect between perception and reality is at the heart of the problem. It is easy to dismiss what one has never taken the time to understand. But such assumptions do a disservice not only to trainees, but to industries that stand to benefit from their skills. If more stakeholders engaged directly with TVET institutions—through partnerships, site visits, and structured industry collaboration—the narrative would begin to shift from skepticism to recognition.
In reality, TVET trainees consistently demonstrate adaptability, innovation, and resilience. They are trained to work with tools, technologies, and systems that are directly aligned with industry needs. Many have completed industrial attachments, simulated work environments, and competency-based assessments that mirror real-world challenges. Given the opportunity, they do not just meet expectations—they often exceed them.
Furthermore, the evolving demands of the global economy increasingly favour the very strengths that TVET graduates possess. Industries today require individuals who can do, not just theorize—individuals who can troubleshoot, innovate, and deliver tangible results. TVET trainees are uniquely positioned to fill this gap. They bring practical intelligence, technical agility, and a strong work ethic that is cultivated through hands-on training.
The challenge, therefore, is not about fixing TVET trainees—it is about shifting mindsets. Employers, policymakers, and society at large must move beyond outdated stereotypes and begin to recognize the value that TVET graduates bring to the workforce. This requires deliberate efforts to create pathways for employment, strengthen industry partnerships, and provide platforms where trainees can demonstrate their competence.
Equally important is the responsibility of the TVET sector to continue strengthening quality assurance, aligning curricula with industry needs, and showcasing success stories that reflect the true capabilities of its graduates. Visibility matters. When employers see TVET graduates performing effectively, perceptions begin to change.
In conclusion, the narrative that TVET trainees lack skills is not only inaccurate—it is unjust. These trainees are capable, skilled, and ready to contribute meaningfully to economic development. What they need is not skepticism, but opportunity. When given the chance, TVET graduates do not just participate in the workforce—they transform it.
It is time we shift the conversation from assumption to engagement, from distance to understanding, and from exclusion to inclusion. TVET trainees are not the problem—they are part of the solution.
*Dr Beatha Ndinelao Kapolo is the Center Manager for Nakayale VTC and the current chairperson of the NEV TVET HUB. Her PhD studies explored Stakeholder Perceptions of TVET in Namibia.
